How to Change Facebook Account Name after Name Limits Reached

How to Change Facebook Account Name after Name Limits Reached

Mostly many people dont know that facebook keeps some name limits for Pages, Profiles, Groups , Friends, Events etc. Just like we cant change facebook profile name after 5 times, we cant change our profile username more than 1 time, we cant change a facebook page name after 200 Likes, we cant change facebook group name after reaching 250 members, we cant add more than 5000 friends to our facebook profile and  it is not possible to change the name of an event if it has more than 5,000 people invited.

In these days, Many people are keeping Facebook Account Names in Different stylish Fonts, But Facebook is Banning the Accounts who using those type of stylish fonts, fake names.

Also make sure that your name can`t include:

•     Titles of any kind (ex: professional, religious, etc)
•     Symbols, repeating characters or punctuation, unusual capitalization and numbers
•     Words, phrases, or nicknames in the place of a middle name
•     Offensive or suggestive content of any kind
•     Characters from multiple languages 

 As per Facebook Rules, the profile name you use should be your real name as it would be listed on your credit card, student ID, govt-issued proof etc.

So I personally suggest everyone to keep your facebook account of real name without any fonts or special characters.So if your profile name limit is exceeded and want to change your facebook profile name to your real name, then Click Here.

Fill that form and you have to upload your valid Government-issued Proof - photo ID like a Driver's License or Passport etc and after your upload finishes, finally click "Send" button.
Any One Proof will be enough in the list of below examples,

For Examples:

1. Birth certificate
2. Marriage certificate
3. Green card, residence permit or immigration papers
4. Personal or vehicle insurance card
5. Official name change paperwork
6. Non-driver's government ID (ex. disability, SNAP or national ID card)
   Voter ID card

If you don't have this, you can submit copies of any 2 other documents that together show your full name, birthday and picture.
Choose Any Two Proofs will be needed in the list of below examples,

For Examples:

• Credit card
• Utility bill
• School or work ID
• Library card
• Check
• Bus card

For more information about the Submission of Proofs, check out by Clicking Here.

Before you submit your any valid ID proof, try to have a real picture on your Facebook Account because this may help you to get your name change fastly as facebook staff will consider your facebook account as real account.

Note: Before you submit you valid ID, Facebook staff verified it and changed your name within 4-5 days. So I suggest you to take a clear picture of you proof either by Scanning or by capturing from a good camera or mobile.

If you face any problem regarding this post, feel free to share your comments,
thanks for reading this post.

The specified dsn contains an architecture mismatch between the Driver and Application [Solved]

We can create  DSN for type 1 driver in windows 7 OS using 2 ways

1. Goto control panel and create dsn,
2. launch  C:\Windows\SysWOW64\odbcad32.exe

While Working with JDBC Type 1 driver and Windows 7 OS,We often get the below Exception.

Reason

The above problem occurs when you install oracle(Database) 32 bit version in 64 bit Windows 7 OS.

While trying to find out the Solution,I came across once possible solution for this.

If you have installed 64 bit Oracle , then 1st approach should work.

If you have installed 32 bit Oracle , then you must use 2nd approach to create the dsn.

Lets say you have developed a jdbc Application InsertTest.java which contains type1 driver to interact with database.

To compile the Application,we use javac *.java

To execute the Application we use java InsertTest

Please Note: when we launch command prompt to compile and execute java application,we get the command prompt available at c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe which is a 64 bit,and you are trying to interact with 32-bit oracle database.

Please Note: We also have a command prompt available at c:\windows\syswow64 folder
c:\windows\syswow64\cmd.exe.  This is 32 bit command prompt.If you activate this command prompt and compile and execute your java application,This time 32 bit compiled java class will interact with 32 bit oracle DB,and you wont get any exception

Lets assume the location of JDBC Type 1 Driver  as  c:\App1\InsertTest.java

Steps:

1.open command prompt

2.Activate 32bit command prompt located at c:\windows\syswow64\cmd.exe

3.This will launch 32 bit command prompt

4.Now compile and execute your Application

 


 

Tortoise SVN Color Icons are not Shown in Windows 7 [Solved]

Assuming you have installed Tortoise SVN Client,and you have exported the project from SVN Server to your desktop and finally checked out them inorder to synch with Repository.

One thing you might have noticed is, it is not showing any colored icon to distinguished whether it is synchronised or non-synchronised with svn server.

If you are facing the problem.Here goes the solution.

1.Launch Registry Editor

open run prompt and type regedit. Hit Enter

2.Navigate to the below path

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows

\CurrentVersion\explorer\ShellIconOverlayIdentifiers

and Delete all unnecessary keys like

• TortoiseLocked
• TortoiseReadOnly
• Windows Offline Files
• SharingPrivate.
• Enhanced Storage Shell

3.Reboot your system. Now you will get the colored icons in your folders.

Note:Please take the backup of the registry before you modify them.As it may give you trouble if u delete wrong keys

If you find some other ways,feel free to share them here.

Advantages of Hibernate

What is Hibernate ?
Hibernate is an open source, lightweight and Java based ORM software to develop
object based Database software independent O-R mapping persistence logic in Java, Jee based applications like Desktop,Web application,Enterprise application.

How to download Hibernate ?
Click here to download Hibernate Software (any version). For this tutorial we are using hibernate 3.2.6. So you can download hibernate3.2.6.ga.zip file and extract it.

Why should we use Hibernate ?
Hibernate is a framework software that is developed based on JDBC having the ability to generate common code of persistence logic dynamically.
Suppose we use JDBC for inserting the records into Database, then we have to follow bellow steps

1. Register the JDBC driver with DriverManager .
2. Establish the connection with Database Software.
3.  Crate JDBC Statement object.
4. Send and execute INSERT SQL query in database Software.
5. Process the result
6. Close JDBC object.

Like the above if we want to UPDATE the JDBC  code we have to follow bellow steps.

1. Register the JDBC driver with DriverManager .
2. Establish the connection with Database Software.
3. Crate JDBC Statement object.
4. Send and execute UPDATE SQL query in database Software.
5. Process the result
6. Close JDBC object.

In this approach only 4th and 5th steps are application specific logics and others are common logics. While working with core technologies like JDBC directly we need to concentrate develop both common logics and application specific logics.
If we work with framework software like Hibernate most of the common  specific logics are developed by Hibernate, so we need to develop only on application specific logics.
Hibernate provides abstraction layer on JDBC. so while developing Hibernate code we never bothered about internally generated JDBC code.

 Advantages of Hibernate

1. Allow POJO or POJI model programming.
2. Allow to develop OR mapping style Database  software independent persistence logic.
3. gives HQL to develop Database software independent queries.
4. Gives built in middle-ware services like Transaction management, Caching.
5. Allows to work with third party supplied middle ware services and  Web Server and Application Server managed middle ware services.
6. it is light weight software to develop OR  mapping persistence logic.
7. Allows to develop objects based relationships like one-to-one,one-to-many,many-to-one,many-to-many.
8. Gives support for annotation as alternate for XML.

Most Famous Places in Italy

Italy : A very beautiful & romantic destination with lots of wonderful and amazing cultural heritage. This post speaks about many Famous Places in Italy to Visit and enjoy the tourism experience.Italy has got a population of around 61 million people and its capital is Rome which is considered as Eternal City. Some of the most famous attractions are Tuscany, Florence, Pisa etc which we are about to see here and also considered as Best Places to Visit in Italy.

Rome : As there is a famous saying “Rome was not built in a day”  still remains as a truthful statement.It is the capital city of Italy and one of the remarkable place in the world.Rome has got various historical heritage packed places such as ancient monuments, Wonderful Fountains, Basilica churches, historical statues etc..which adds value for the city. Rome like other major city is considered as Major Global city because of its fun packed shopping experience and emerging scenic night life and also one of the Tourist Attractions in Italy

Colosseum : Rome has got a famous historical architecture “Colosseum” which used to be war game stadium in those days & one of the Famous Places in Italy. It is Also known as Flavian Amphitheatre which is an Elipitical Amphitheatre located in center of Roman city and was built nearly 2000 years ago. It is estimated that the roman Colosseum can hold 60,000 to 80,000 spectators for watching gladiator competition, animal hunts, mock sea battles etc.. The inner part of Colosseum is divided into 3 parts as Arena, Cavea & Podium. The arena had a wood floor included with sand to avoid the fighters  slipping and soak in the blood. Trapdoors led as a result of the metro chambers as well as passageways under the arena bottom – the hypogeum. The cavea, was meant for spectator seating, was split into 3 tiers: knights in the lowest tier, wealthy citizens in the middle and the plebs in the highest tier. The podium, a wide terrace while watching tiers regarding seats, ended up being reserved for emperors, senators as well as VIPs. This master piece of monument expresses the majesty & mighty power of ancient rome.

Florence :  One of the most beautiful Famous Italian Places  and it takes the pride to be center (Birth place) of Renaissance and being having the historical specialty this place remains an important place to be visited by the tourists.Initially Florence originated as Roman city which later developed with trade & banking sectors. It is most populated city & capital of Italian region of Tuscany. Florence plays an important role in Tourism and also ranked as most visited city in the world.This city has got many tourist attractions such as Michelangelo’s David, Palazzo Vecchio, Loggia Della Signoria, Signoria Square, Accademia Gallery, Ponte Vecchio, Uffizi Palace, Giottos Bell tower, The Baptistery etc.. One can enjoy the stay at Florence by experiencing Florentine steak – beef based food, having a good drink at Piazza Santo Spirito , taking part in concert organised at Piazza della SS Annunziata etc…

Sicily :  A very beautiful & largest island in Mediterranean sea and surrounded by Ionian, Tyrrhenian adds more value for Italy. It is separated from continent by Messina strait and surrounded by Mediterranean sea. Sicily had got history of Ancient tribal. Language spoken is Sicilian and it has got many unique  culture in arts, music food & architecture. Sicily is considered as a must go places by Tourists because of its mild climate. Sicily is surrounded by little islands such as Egadi, Pelagie Islands, Pantelleria and Ustica. Active Volcanic eruptions can be witnessed in Sicily and one famous active volcano in Europe is Etna. Sicily has got beaches to relax & enjoy and those who are interested in trekking can have good trekking experience at National Parks in Sicily. For Festival / carnival lovers there are many things at Sicily like the famous one Cinema Festival which is a very famous Award Program , Acireale Carnival etc.. Definetely one among the Famous Places in Italy.

Venice : A funtastic and famous Italian romantic place for couples , lovers who want to cherish their loving moments. Venice basically a group of island  with many canals and beautiful arch type bridges. This place which is surrounded by water is located in northeast coast of Italy and the region around Venice is known as Veneto. One can enjoy shopping in Venice by buying famous Murano glass articles, Venetian masks, Burano lace, street artists paintings etc.. Venice has got many interesting places to visit such as St.Mark’s square, Doge’s Palace, Rialto bridge, Galleria del accademia etc. Venetian carnival is one of the most important & colorful celebration of Venice and its an annual festival celebrated 40 days before Easter and ends with Lent.  A relaxed trip in Boat (Gondola) in Venice with moderate climatic condition gives a real unique experience.Surely one among Famous Places in Italy.

Leaning Tower of Pisa : The leaning tower otherwise very well known as Bell Tower is located in Famous Italian town Pisa and it is one of the Famous and remarkable piece of vintage architecture. The construction specification of this 8 storied tower sounds great since it stands 60 meters from ground with 290 steps to climb to reach chamber for the bells and its weight is estimated to be around 14,600 metric tons. Actually the construction of Pisa tower was started in the year 1173 and went through almost 200 years due to hindrance of wars. The construction plan of the tower was to be vertical but the tower started to lean during the time of construction. This piece of wonder was built with marble and has got 15 marble arches at the bottom stories and other stories consist of 30 arches. Many controversies exist about the real identity of the architect of this wonderful monument. Many actions are being taken to straighten the Leaning Tower of Pisa but identity about the real architect remains a big mystery

Tuscany : A majestic place where some visit to taste fine wine, some visit to feel the real countryside experience and some for having thrilling walk along on the mountain sides.Tuscany is located in west side of Italy and a must visit places since it is one among the Famous Places in Italy. This places in famous for very good breeds of wine and has got good beaches for relaxing and does not stop with that it has also got historical pride to be known as Birth Place of Renaissance. Tuscany is a huge area with lots of places to be visited such as Pisa, Florence, Lucca, Cortona, San Gimignano, Chianti classico wine region etc…

Capri : Capri can be reached from Naples and it is a famous mountainous island on Tyrrhenian sea and the name Capri is shared from the main town on the island.This island has got 2 main harbors Marina Grande & Marina Piccola. The island is one of the Famous Places in Italy which is visited by huge number of tourists during summer times. The main tourist attraction in Capri is Grotta Azzurra which is a roman rock. The island has got almost 12 churches & 7 museums. The other attractions to be visited are Piazza Umberto, Blue Grotto, Villa san Michele etc.. The destination is perfect for hiking and has got many famous hotels and pubs to enjoy & one can see more number of migratory birds resting at the island. Apart from tourism, agriculture & fishing are carried on.

Paestum: Paestum which is actually considered as famous Greco Roman city is famous & most popular destination located in Campania region of Southern Italy – European Continent (South of Naples) and this place is originally known as Poseidonia named after a Greek god. This place has got 3 fantastic temples which are really ancient and has got historical heritage such as Temple of Neptune, Temple of Ceres & Temple of Hera which attracts lots of Tourists to this place to see its remains which are in very good preservation state. Paestum city is located on the coast of Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia and also called Gate to Cilento is a very good point to start off for cultural & architectural sightseeing such as Pompeii, Veila or Padula, Herculaneum, Cilento national park, a beautiful beach which is really a paradise for people who are interested in swimming.

Santa Maria Del Fiore: This is the most & important Florence Cathedral building where the bishop makes his appearance therefore it is the main church in Florence Italy. This church is built / dedicated for Santa Maria Del Fiore and it is fully covered by colored marbles but the construction was left incomplete due to some unknown reasons. The interior of the church is preserved well since it remains as the master work of the art such as stained glass windows which looks beautiful still. Therefore Touristtiger recommends one must visit this place which is one of the most important Things to do in Florence Italy. To know more about tourism in Italy visit Wikipedia.

Food to Try 
Spaghetti : There is nothing like Italian Spaghetti which is also one of the Famous things in italy Its very special and most desired food in Italy.Must try to experience the real flavor.

Gelato :  Gelato basically refers to ice cream which is made from special cream, milk , sugar & other ingredients.

SAMSUNG UNVEILS ITS NEXT GENERATION OF SMART AIR CONDITIONERS

Exclusive design and engineering delivers powerful cooling performance and cleaner air quality

 

Samsung Electronics has unveiled its new Smart digital inverter Air Conditioner series with an innovative design. The digital inverter Series (AR7000 and AR5000) is engineered to deliver exceptional cooling, comfort and health benefits with a striking triangle body design. The triangular shape allows for a larger inlet port, wider blade and bigger fans while maintaining a compact exterior profile. It also facilitates easy installation, quick filter removal and cleaning.

“Energy efficiency is a key parameter for consumers while making purchasing decisions for air conditioners. The digital inverter Series combines design innovation with advances in technology to deliver an optimal cooling performance. This holistic approach to product design has resulted in increased power efficiency and an abundance of smart features that enhance the air conditioning experience,” said Mr. Rajeev Bhutani, Director, Consumer Electronics, Samsung India.

Making a stylish lifestyle statement, the digital inverter series innovative triangle design offers longer, larger and faster airflow. While the enlarged inlet port increases air intake, the width and angle of the outlet, extra front V blade and the bigger inner fan ensures powerful airflow to every corner of the room without blind spots. The exterior of the air conditioner uses a Crystal Gloss design technology, identical to that used on premium cars, for a sleek-looking appliance that complements any interior home design, while also providing the durability needed to last for many years.

The Digital Inverter Compressor in this series cools 26 percent more quickly than conventional air conditioning systems. With Two-Step Cooling automatically adjusts its speed in response to the surrounding temperature using indirect airflow, minimum fan speed thus, saving energy. In addition, digital inverter series allows the user to select ‘Full’ or the Single user mode dependent on how crowded the room is or the movement in the room, thereby reducing energy wastage. This innovative approach, exclusive to Samsung, improves energy efficiency and lowers power used over time when compared to conventional air conditioner systems. Samsung’s Digital Inverter Compressor comes with a 10-year warranty. Furthermore, the Multijet Technology Condenser incorporated in the air conditioner helps cools the refrigerant faster than a conventional condenser, thus resulting in a quicker and more efficient cooling process. The condenser comes with 3 year warranty on it.

Additionally, the digital inverter series features Samsung’s Smart Installation feature, designed to update the user automatically to ensure installation has been carried out correctly. Smart Installation is a self-diagnostic feature which automatically checks for common installation faults such as wire continuity, refrigerant levels and correctly opened refrigerant valves. This means that users do not have to troubleshoot on their own, delivering more peace of mind and added convenience.

Going beyond mere cooling performance, the digital inverter series also offers protection through VirusDoctor^TM, and Easy Filter that provides clean air by eliminating dust, airborne contaminants and allergens as well as bacteria and viruses. The Easy filter which is conveniently located on the top of the unit, makes it easy to access and remove or replace without having to open or close the covers. Customised for Indian markets, the air conditioners feature Triple Protector Plus technology that ensures protection of the compressor and controller from against electrical surges as well as power overload without the requirement of a separate voltage stabiliser. The models also have an anti corrosive coating to stop the condenser and the outdoor cabinet from rusting.

The Samsung Air Conditioner range also includes the premium floor standing air conditioner series - Q9000 that offers energy-efficient cooling technology in an innovative, sleek design. The Q9000 is the world’s first air conditioner that uses jet engine technology and three spiral airflows to cool the air faster than any other conventional air conditioner unit. Of the two models in the Q9000 series, one offers only Cooling, while the other offers the advantage of composite Heating and Cooling (Climate Control), thereby eliminating the need of buying separate AC and Heater products.

Slim and elegant in an earthy brown glossy glass finish, the Q9000 blends in perfectly with its surrounding décor making a stylish lifestyle statement with its. Equipped with advanced operations for comfort, the Smart Inverter Compressor, a Smart sensor and a Solo and Family cooling mode adjusts the temperature helping to reducing energy wastage. The Q9000 is available in 2.3T capacity and is available at Rs 164,000/- for the Cooling model and at Rs 177,000/- for the Cooling and Heating model.

Apart from the digital inverter series and floor standing air series, the Samsung Split Air Conditioner range include BEE Star Rated Split AC models that make-up Crystal, Purista and Max Series. Available in unique floral pattern (Sanganeri) and colours (Spiritual Blue, Refined Wine, Turquoise Green and India Green) these three Samsung Air Conditioner series are priced between Rs 26,000/- to Rs 42,700/- (available in 1.0T, 1.5T and 2.0T capacities). The premium digital inverter Series is priced between Rs. 37,800/- to Rs 55,200/-.

About Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. is a global leader in technology, opening new possibilities for people everywhere. Through relentless innovation and discovery, we are transforming the worlds of televisions, smartphones, personal computers, printers, cameras, home appliances, LTE systems, medical devices, semiconductors and LED solutions. We employ 270,000 people across 79 countries with annual sales of US$187.8 billion. To discover more, please visit www.samsung.com/in

source site : samsung 

Free List of Fat Burning Foods

This free list of fat burning foods will help you make the right choices to burn off more fat than you ingest by eating them. The fat burning secret to losing weight is to eat and drink until you are full and satisfied, choosing foods that burn more calories than you consume. This helps your body burn up the excessive stored fat.

This free list of fat burning foods contains mostly fruit and vegetables and if you compare it to other lists you will notice a definite trend. If you eat these fat burning foods and add a good exercise workout program to it you will increase your metabolism and burn calories at a faster rate even several hours after your exercise is done.

apples                 

apricots

artichokes  

asparagus

beets   

blackberries

blueberries  

broccoli

Brussels sprouts 

cabbage

cantaloupe  

carrots

cauliflower  

celery

cherries  

chives

cod   

corn

crabs   

cranberries

cucumbers  

eggplant

flounder  

garlic

grapefruit  

grapes

green beans  

honeydew

kale   

leeks

lemons 

lettuce

limes   

lobster

mangoes  

mushrooms

nectarines  

okra

onions  

oranges

papaya  

parsley

peaches  

pears

peas   

peppers

pineapple  

prunes

pumpkin  

radishes

raspberries  

red cabbage

sauerkraut  

scallions

spinach  

squash

strawberries 

string beans

tangerines  

tomatoes

turnips  

watermelon

A recent report from Michael Zemel, Professor of Nutrition and Medicine at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville reports, "If you compare a dairy-rich versus a dairy-poor diet you can nearly double the rate of weight and fat loss with the same level of calorie restriction." It states that the calcium in dairy products can boost weight loss by increasing fat breakdown in fat cells. Therefore, dairy products could be termed as fat burning foods. These include milk, cheese and yogurt and might be considered a fat burning secret.

The best way to approach fat burning food is to start by implementing a sensible eating plan with the help of this free list of fat burning foods and begin an exercise workout program that you enjoy and will stick with.- Gary Gresham

Best Skincare tips for the summer

As the summer rages on, protect your skin so you don’t have to suffer from the season’s skin problems.
It’s the (hopefully) end of summer and while the monsoon should be here soon, for now the heat continues unabated. Fortunately, your skin needn’t take the brunt of the heat this season. We have for you, some tips that’ll help keep your skin fresh and dewy, even as the mercury continues to stay high.

Top 10 – Skincare tips for the summer

1. Stay hydrated. Your body tends to lose a lot of moisture in the summer, so it’s important to regularly replenish the H2O. Drink a lot of water and liquids and your skin will stay soft and moisturised as well.
2. Sun protection. If you can, try and stay indoors between 11am and 3pm. That’s when the sun’s rays are the strongest and can have an adverse effect on your skin. Also, don’t forget to apply that all-important sunscreen 30 minutes before you step out. If you’ve been out in the sun for a few hours, touch it up again so you’re well protected.
What should you look for when shopping for a sunscreen? Find out.
3. Use a toner. It’s important to keep your pores closed and skin cool by using a toner. Look for a brand that suits you or try rose water. Its natural cooling properties make it an excellent toner for the hot season.
4. Go for a water-based moisturiser. Don’t make the mistake of skipping the moisturising routine altogether as its essential for your skin to remain hydrated. However, if you find your regular moisturiser too oily, go for a water-based one.
5. Ditch those aerated drinks. Most people have the tendency to reach out for an ice cold aerated drink to quench their thirst on a really hot day. However, it’s important to remember that these drinks are full of sugar that is not good for your skin or your figure. Instead drink some water, fresh lime, fresh fruit juices, aam panna (green mango drink) or coconut water to stay hydrated. It’s also best to minimise the intake of diuretics like alcohol and caffeine as they reduce the water from your system.
6. Cleanse your face twice a day. At least! This is important to do even if you’ve been home all day and feel like your skin is clean. Cleansing and moisturising your skin before sleeping is an absolute must.
7. Exfoliate. More than the rest of the year, it’s really important to exfoliate your skin in the summer to remove dead skin and improve blood circulation to the face. Choose from any of the cosmetic scrubs available in the market or make one at home. Try this simple one using 4 to 5 tbsps of gram flour, a pinch of turmeric, 5 – 6 drops of rose water and milk or yoghurt. Mix it into a paste and use it to exfoliate your face. Follow it up with a facemask and moisturiser.
8. Don’t like your tan? Gram flour can also be used as a facemask to get rid of an uneven tan. Mix it with yoghurt and a few drops of lemon and apply and leave it on your face till it’s dry. The citrus properties of the lemon are very effective in removing the tan.
9. Get that warm, summer glow. Papaya is full of natural goodness and you can even use it as a homemade pack. Just mash 2 tbsp of papaya with a tsp of honey and 1 egg white. Leave the mixture on your face for about 15 minutes and enjoy the glow you get afterwards.
10. Cool your skin. Blending half a cucumber and 1 tbsp of yoghurt in the mixer can make another simple and effective homemade face pack. Apply this to your face for 15 minutes and feel completely pampered.
Bonus tip. Eat healthy, exercise and sleep well! The holy trinity of good health and glowing skin holds true for the whole year. So along with all the tips above, don’t forget to eat a balanced diet, work out for at least 45 minutes everyday and get 7 to 8 hours of sleep. Enjoy the summer!
Photograph by Ruth Livingstone, via sxc.hu

US Universities Deadlines for Fall 2014

List of US Universities with Deadlines for Fall 2014 

 

---

University	Approx. Fees per year	Application Fee	Fall 2014 Deadlines
Uni. Of Maryland College Park	$23,760	$75	December 15
Georgia Inst. Of Technology	$26,860	$50	Rolling/February 1
Uni. Of Southern California	$28,242	$85	December 1 / January 15
SUNY Stony Brook University	$16,680	$100	January 15
North Carolina State University	$18,931	$64	December 15 / March 1
Rutgers University	$24,600	$65	February 1
New York University	$24,000	N/A	March 1
University Of Florida	$29,990	$30	February 1
Arizona State University	$24,549	$90	December 1
Indiana University Bloomington	$20,000	N/A	January 1
University of Texas Dallas	$21,960	$100	May 1
University of Illinois Chicago	$24,960	$60	February 15
Northeastern University	$20,000	$100	Rolling/March 15
Rochester Institute of Technology	$36,000	$60	Rolling
Syracuse University	$20,000	$75	Rolling/June 1
Carnegie Mellon University	---	$75	4-Dec75
Massachuset Institute of Technology	---	$75	15-Dec
Stanford	---	$90	10-Dec
UC berkeley	---	$100	16-Dec
Cornell	---	$95	1-Feb
University of Illinois Urbanana Champaigne	---	$90	--
University of Washington	---	$85	15-Dec
UT austin	---	$90	13-Dec
CalTech	---	$90	15-Dec
Uni of Wisconsin Madison	---	$90	15-Dec
Uni of Michigan Ann Harbour	---	$75	15-Jan
Uni of California Los Angeles	---	$90	1-Dec
Uni of california San diego	---	$80	16-Dec
Uni of Maryland College Park	---	$75
Columbia University	---	$85	15-Dec
Harvard University	---	$85	1-Jan
Upenn	---	$80	Nov15
Purdue University	---	$75	15-Dec
UMass Amherst	---	$75	15-Dec
Uni of North Carolina Chapel Hill	---	$80	3-Dec

Why Generics is introduced?

JDK 5.0 introduces several new extensions to the Java programming language, one of these is the introduction of Generics.

Why Generics is introduced?

Generics provides the abstraction over types. Here is a typical usage of that sort:

?

1 2 3

List l1 = new LinkedList(); // 1 l1.add(new Integer(10)); // 2 Integer x = (Integer) l1.iterator().next(); // 3

The cast on line 3 is slightly annoying. Typically, the programmer knows what kind of data has been placed into a particular list. However, the cast is essential. To ensure the assignment to a variable of type Integer is type safe, the cast is required.

Of course, the cast not only introduces clutter. It also introduces the possibility of a run time error, since the programmer may be mistaken.

What if programmers could mark a list as being restricted to contain a particular data type? This is the core idea behind generics.

Here is a example of the above given program using generics:

?

1 2 3

List <Integer> l1 = new LinkedList <Integer>(); // 1 l1.add(new Integer(10)); // 2 Integer x = l1.iterator().next(); // 3

Notice the type declaration for the variable l1. It specifies that this is not just an arbitrary List, but a List of Integer, written List<Integer>. We say that List is a generic interface that takes a type parameter–in this case, Integer. We also specify a type parameter when creating the list object.

Note, too, that the cast on line 3′ is gone.

What if there is no Generics?

The following block of Java code illustrates a problem that exists when not using generics. First, it declares an ArrayList of type Object. Then, it adds a String to the ArrayList. Finally, it attempts to retrieve the added String and cast it to an Integer.

?

1 2 3

List v = new ArrayList(); v.add("test"); Integer i = (Integer)v.get(0);        // Run time error

Although the code compiles without error, it throws a runtime exception (java.lang.ClassCastException)when executing the third line of code. This type of problem can be avoided by using generics and is the primary motivation for using generics.

When Generics is used?

Using generics, the above code fragment can be rewritten as follows:

?

1 2 3

List <String> v = new ArrayList <String>(); v.add("test"); Integer i = v.get(10); // (type error)  Compile time error

The type parameter String within the angle brackets declares the ArrayList to be constituted of String. With generics, it is no longer necessary to cast the third line to any particular type, because the result of v.get(10) is defined as String by the code generated by the compiler.

Summary

To sum up, the reasons to use Generics are as follows:

• Stronger type checking at compile time.
• Elimination of explicit cast.
• Enabling better code reusability such as implementation of generic algorithms

Java Generic type is only a compile-time concept. During run-time, all types information is erased, and this is call Type Erasure.